Effects of Cellulose and Pectin on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Plasma Lipid Concentration

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of cellulose and pectin on glucose and plasma lipid concentrations in healthy women. Eight female collage students were participated voluntarily. All subjects received a fiber-free control diet (CD) , cellulose diet (CED) , pectin diet (PTD) with each diet for a period of three days with a 4 day interval. The food intake of subjects were monitored every day and plasma level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol were determined at last day. Blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured at fasting state and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minute after consuming each diet. Plasma glucose concentrations (AUC: Area Under the Curve) of pectin diet was 122.7+/-4.0 mg/dl and that of cellulose diet was 147.6+/-8.4 mg/d, but they were significantly lower than in comparison with those of control diet (197.1+/-11.6 mg/dl) (p < 0.05) . Plasma triglyceride concentrations of the CED (-83.9+/-22.2 mg/dl) PTD (-9.7+/-26.1 mg/dl) showed gradual decrease after each test diet feeding but not significantly different in each dietary fiber added diet (p < 0.05) . Plasma cholesterol concentrations of the CD was not significantly different in PTD, but PTD was significantly lower than the CED until 3 hours after consuming each test meal (p < 0.05) . In conclusion, in spite of total cholesterol was reduced only by pectin, glucose and triglyceride were lower than control diet in dietary fiber intake. But there were no significant differences each dietary fiber.

Effect of Resistant Starch on Human Glycemic Response / 대한지역사회영양학회지

In order to observe the effects of resistant starches on human glycemic response, nine female university students were investigated using cellulose (CED), resistant starch 3 (RS3D) and resistant starch 4 (RS4D) diets. Each woman's blood sugar and insulin, triacylglycerol and free fatty in plasma concentration were measured at fasting state, then 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minute after each test diet feeding. Glycemic indices of the Cellulose diet (CED: 57.9 +/- 3.00), the Resistant starch 3 diet (RS3D: 52.6 +/- 7.9) and the Resistant starch 4 diet (RS4D: 52.9 +/- 10.2) were similar to each other, but they were significantly lower in comparison with those of white wheat bread diet (WWBD: 100). Insulinemic indices of the CED (49.8 +/- 8.2), RS3D (50.0 +/- 7.3) and RS4D (72.4 +/- 7.7) were significantly lower in comparison with the white wheat bread diet (WWBD: 100), but among the dietary fiber diets, the insulinemic index of RS4D was significantly higher than the CED and the RS3D. Plasma triacylglycerol contents of the CED, RS3D and RS4D including WWBD showed gradual increase in tendency after lowering in early stage of each test diet feeding, but not significantly different in each dietary fiber added diet. Plasma free fatty acid contents of the CED, RS3D and RS4D including WWBD showed gradual decrease in tendency after each test diet feeding, but not significantly different by each dietary fiber added diet. In above results, we speculate that resistant starch 3 controls rapid elevation of blood sugar by delaying intestinal digestion and absorption of cellulose, but the result appears to be different from RS4 in comparison. Thus, RS3 intakes may contribute to the diet therapy of diabetic humans, but more studies on RS4 is needed in the future.

A Study of the Eating Habits and Nutrient Intake of Industrial Workers Who Work Day and Night Shifts / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine the eating habits and nutrient intake of industrial workers who work day and night shifts. In the area of percentage of skipped meals, the day shift workers responded that they usually skipped breakfast and the night shift workers often skipped lunch and dinner. The day shift workers answered that they skipped meals because of lack of time. The night shift workers cited poor appetite as their main reason for skipping meals. The intake of calories, Vitamin B2 and calcium of the industrial workers who worked day and night shift was lower than the Korean RDA. The intake of iron of the male night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA. The intake of calories, protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin B2 and niacin, vitamin C of the female night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA. In the area of nutrient intake, the night shift workers both male and female got lower scales than the day shift workers. The nutrient intake of the female night shift workers was the worst. Because they cook for themselves and live alone, their nutrient intake and eating habits were bad. The night shift workers were worse than the day shift workers and the female night shift workers were the worst. Considering the above results, night shift workers should correct their poor eating habits, their nutrient intake and have a well-balanced diet.

A Study on the Balance of Iron and Zinc in Korean Children / 대한지역사회영양학회지

In this study, the food intake, feces and urine of 14 primary school age boys and girls were collected and intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured. The boys and girls were 8-12 years old and measurement continued for four weeks during which they maintained their normal living pattern. Each boy's and girl's daily intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also calculated. The results are as follows. Mean daily intake of iron was 14.9+/-0.6 mg for the boys and 12.4+/-0.5 mg for the girls. Mean daily intake of zinc was 11.8+/-1.2 mg for the boys and 11.5+/-0.4 mg for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of iron was 6.1+/-0.3 mg and 58.8+/-2.0% for the boys and 6.8+/-0.1 mg and 44.1+/-2.0% for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of zinc was 9.3+/-0.2 mg and 14.4+/-5.1% for the boys and 9.7+/-0.4 mg and 14.3+/-4.3% for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of iron was 1.1+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 7.86+/-0.6 mg for the boys and 0.5+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 5.14+/-0.4 mg for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of zinc was 0.5+/-0.1 mg and showed the positive balance of 1.03+/-0.6 mg for the girls.

Prevalence of Obesity and Eating Habits of Elementary School Students in Kwangju / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Kwangju. The study was carried out on 931 students(male : 454, female : 477) in September and October of 1996. The results are summarized as follows ; Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI) that exceeds 20. The rate of obesity was 10.0%(male 4.7%, female 5.3%) in subjects. Subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal group(BMI<20), mildly obese group(20

Intake/Balanc of Dietary Protein in Korean College Women / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to obtain accurate data on the intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of protein in Korean college women. Subjects were 8 female college students, aged from 21 to 23, and maintained their menu and life patterns regular during a 4-week study. The same amount of diet that the subjects had consumed, and feces and urine were collected and measured to extract their nitrogen content by Kjeldahl method. From this data, apparent digestibility and the body nitrogen balance were estimated by determing daily protein intake and excretion. The daily protein intake was 56.9+/-1.4g and daily fecal protein loss was 6.3+/-0.2g. The apparent digestibility of protein was 89.6+/-0.7%. The daily nitrogen intake measured by Kjeldahl method was 9.43+/-0.2g. The urinary nitrogen excretion was 7.64+/-0.23g and fecal nitrogen excretion was 1.02+/-0.03g. The nitrogen balance indicated a positive balance of 0.45+/-0.18g.